Ancient Babylonian mathematics

I have read Hidden Harmonies: The Lives and Times of the Pythagorean Theorem , and I'm interested in Ancient Babylonian mathematics. Ancient Babylonians seem not to have the concept of algebra, but they know how to use geometry. Now we have studied the Pythagorean Theorem, and we use it as it is. However, ancient Babylonians seem to have the almost same stem of it. These are their geometries.

They look like piling squares. You see two of them which are white and blue.

Then, you put dots in each squares.

There are two squares which are purple and blue. You see a dot in the purple square. You also see four dots in blue. However, you distinguish the colors, so there are three dots in blue. It looks like L shape.

Then you see three squares. Therefore, you can add 5 dots in green.

This is the infinite pattern.You would add odd numbers in infinite shape of L. Ancient Babylonians have counted dots.
1+3+5=9=3^2
1+3+5+7=16=4^2
1+3+5+7+9=25=5^2
1+3+5+7+9+11=36=6^2
1+3+5+7+9+11+13=49=7^2
1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15=64=8^2
1+3+5+7+9+11+13+15+17=81=9^2
∞

Now we know the Pythagorean Theorem which is a^2+b^2=c^2. See Ancient Babylonian mathematics.

3^2+4^2=5^2

You can find the same. Of course, you have to search all numbers in Ancient Babylonian mathematics to fit the Pythagorean Theorem because there is no concept about square root in it.



Now we can put algebra into Ancient Babylonian mathematics.

There are three squares which are white, blue, and green. You see also two rectangles.
Therefore, (a+1)^2=a^2+2a+1.
when you put square root in it, you would see the Pythagorean Theorem.

(a+1)^2=a^2+(√2a+1)^2

a must be dots, and 2a+1 is like L shape. You count dots.


In this case, a+1=3, a=2, 2a+1=5.
Therefore, 3^2=2^2+(√5)^2
9=4+5